The World's Finest Pearls™ · Family-Owned in New York's Diamond District Since 1950
American Pearl · Pearl Guide

A Brief History of Pearls: Quality Factor Two: Surface

The short answer

Surface quality describes how many flaws are on the outside of a pearl, graded from clean to heavily blemished. After luster it is the biggest factor in a pearl’s value. Spots, bumps, pits, circles and wrinkles are non-damaging; cracks and chips, often near the drill hole, are damaging and can grow.

Reviewed by American Pearl’s pearl specialists · Updated October 2026
  A brief history of pearls

QUALITY FACTOR TWO: SURFACE



Surface quality is important to pearl graders. Aside from luster, it's the most important aspect of a pearl's value.

What is a Pearl's Surface Quality?

The term surface quality refers to the number and types of flaws that appear on the outside of a pearl. A pearl with a smooth, even surface will usually be more valuable than one with flaws.

A pearl's surface quality is usually evaluated on a scale that ranges from "Clean" to "Heavily blemished."

It's important to note that a pearl may be harvested with an excellent surface quality, but due to mistakes during processing or drilling, it can become damaged.

Types of Blemishes on Pearls

Some blemishes on pearls are damaging, and others are considered non-damaging. Non-damaging blemishes, which do not worsen over time, can include:


  • Spots
  • Bumps
  • Pits
  • Circles
  • Wrinkles

Damaging blemishes do become worse over time. Typically, damaging blemishes are those that tend to become larger, such as cracks and chips that occur near a pearl's drill holes.

Clean Pearl Surfaces and Value

In most cases, a pearl with a clean surface is more valuable than one with a blemished surface. However, pearls are very rarely flawless. Those with natural imperfections can be beautiful and valuable.

How pearls form in oysters
How pearls are harvested
How pearls brought to market
 
Know your Akoya pearls
Akoya Pearl Cultivation
Akoya Pearl Harvesting
Akoya Pearl Processing
Akoya Pearl Evaluation
 
Quality Factor One: Luster
Luster of Akoya Pearls
Quality Factor Two: Surface
Surface of Akoya Pearls
Quality Factor Three: Shape
Shape of Akoya Pearls
Quality Factor Four: Color
Color of Akoya Pearls
Quality Factor Five: Size
Size of Akoya Pearls
 
Know your South Sea pearls
South Sea Pearl Cultivation
South Sea Pearl Harvesting
South Sea Pearl Processing
South Sea Pearl Quality Evaluation
Luster of South Sea Pearls
Surface of South Sea Pearls
Shape of South Sea Pearls
Color of South Sea Pearls
Size of South Sea Pearls
 
Know your Tahitian pearls
Tahitian Pearl Cultivation
Tahitian Pearl Harvesting
Tahitian Pearl Processing
Tahitian Pearl Quality Evaluation
Luster of Tahitian Pearls
Surface of Tahitian Pearls
Shape of Tahitian Pearls
Color of Tahitian Pearls
Size of Tahitian Pearls
 
Gift Giving Occasions


  Previous   Next  

Pearl surface quality: common questions

How is pearl surface quality graded?

On a scale from “clean” to “heavily blemished”, based on the number, size and visibility of marks on the pearl.

What is the difference between damaging and non-damaging blemishes?

Non-damaging blemishes such as spots, bumps, pits, circles and wrinkles never get worse. Damaging blemishes such as cracks and chips near the drill hole can spread over time.

Are any pearls completely flawless?

Very rarely. Most pearls show a few tiny marks under close inspection. Pearls with small natural marks can still be beautiful and valuable.

Shop pearls by type

Family-owned since 1950Complimentary insured shipping30-day returnsGIA reports on select strands

Still deciding? Speak with a pearl specialist at 1-800-847-3275, or browse all Pearl Answers.

← Back to the Pearl Guide
As Featured In
Fox BusinessLos Angeles TimesEntrepreneurVentureBeatHuffington PostBloombergUSA Today
See all press coverage →